{"id":112567,"date":"2015-10-07T08:29:40","date_gmt":"2015-10-07T07:29:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej-novi.local\/\/kukolj-2\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T10:53:24","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T09:53:24","slug":"kukolj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/kukolj\/","title":{"rendered":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Kukolj"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kukolj <em>(Agrostemma githago L.<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201eU svakom \u017eitu ima kukolja&#8221; je stara narodna izreka. Ve\u0107 u praistoriji je kukolj bio verni pratilac jednozrne p\u0161enice <em>(Triticum monococcum L.)<\/em>. Tokom par hiljada godina kukolj se do te mere prilagodio svom doma\u0107inu da je po\u010deo da ga opona\u0161a. Naime, zrna kukolja su sazrevala kad i jednozrne p\u0161enice. Zrna kukolja imaju sli\u010dnu veli\u010dinu i te\u017einu kao i zrno doma\u0107ina. To je zna\u010dilo da ga je prakti\u010dno nemogu\u0107e ukloniti iz p\u0161enice prosejavanjem, ali ni provejavanjem. Sa razvojem zemljoradnje i uspostavljanjem dominacije obi\u010dne, meke p\u0161enice na njivama u Evropi, kukolj se sa lako\u0107om prilagodio novom doma\u0107inu.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kukolj je otrovan. Glavni otrovni sastojak u kukolju je saponin. Ako ima vi\u0161e od 2% kukolja u \u017eitu, bra\u0161no dobijeno od ovakvog \u017eita je gorko i suvo. Otrovni sastojci kukolja se znatnim delom uni\u0161tavaju na visokoj temperaturi. To zna\u010di da je hleb manje otrovan od bra\u0161na od kojeg je napravljen. Jo\u0161 jedna \u010dinjenica je uticala da trovanja kukoljem nisu dostizala istorijske razmere. U praistoriji je bilo uobi\u010dajeno da se samelje samo ono \u017eito koje se tog dana i upotrebljavalo. Time je bilo omogu\u0107eno da se dnevna merica \u017eita pre upotrebe detaljno \u201eprebere&#8221;. Tamna semena kukolja su jasno vidljiva i mogu se lako izdvojiti. Ovaj postupak je opisan u bajci<em> Baba Jaga i Vasilisa Prekrasna<\/em>: \u201eKad sutra odem, ti gledaj da dvori\u0161te po\u010disti\u0161, kolibu pomete\u0161, ru\u010dak zgotovi\u0161, rublje opere\u0161, pa u ambar podi, mericu p\u0161enice uzmi i od kukolja je o\u010disti.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-2542\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 6px; float: right;\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/arh_basta_kukolj2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" \/>\u0160ta se de\u0161avalo sa izdvojenim kukoljem? O tome mo\u017eemo samo spekulisati. Ali, Jovan Tucakov u svojoj knjizi <em>Le\u010denje biljem<\/em> navodi jedan interesantan podatak. Kod vojvo\u0111anskih seljaka postojao je obi\u010daj da se \u201e\u0161uljak&#8221;, o\u010dinci, svo korovsko semenje koje izbaci vr\u0161ilica, trijer i selektor da stoci. Ako ima mnogo kukolja, onda su ga naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e davali pastuvima i bikovima pogre\u0161no veruju\u0107i da \u0107e stoka biti potentnija. Me\u0111utim, to \u0161to pastuvi zakrvavljenih o\u010diju nikom nisu davali da im se pribli\u017ee nije bio rezultat navodnog afrodizijskog dejstava kukolja, kako su to seljaci verovali, ve\u0107 zato \u0161to su njime bili otrovani.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Me\u0111utim, da nije sve tako crno u vezi sa kukoljem ukazuje i podatak da se pred po\u010detak Prvog svetskog rata u Rusiji uzgajala sorta kukolja od koje se pravila votka. Naime, seme kukolja, ukoliko se prethodno tretira pod visokim pritiskom vodene pare, veoma je hranljivo. Osim toga, kukolj je na\u0161ao svoju primenu i kao biostimulator u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aleksandar Medovi\u0107, kustos \u2013 arheobotani\u010dar<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';\">Powered by<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-2544\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/arh_basta_agrostemin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"120\" height=\"105\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">{swfremote}<a href=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_bob.swf\">\/images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_kukolj.swf<\/a>{\/swfremote}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kukolj (Agrostemma githago L.) \u201eU svakom \u017eitu ima kukolja&#8221; je stara narodna izreka. Ve\u0107 u praistoriji je kukolj bio verni pratilac jednozrne p\u0161enice (Triticum monococcum L.). Tokom par hiljada godina kukolj se do te mere prilagodio svom doma\u0107inu da je po\u010deo da ga opona\u0161a. Naime, zrna kukolja su sazrevala kad i jednozrne p\u0161enice. Zrna kukolja [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":112568,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112567","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arheobotanicka-basta-muzeja-vojvodine-lat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Kukolj - Muzej Vojvodine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Kukolj - Muzej Vojvodine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kukolj (Agrostemma githago L.) \u201eU svakom \u017eitu ima kukolja&#8221; je stara narodna izreka. Ve\u0107 u praistoriji je kukolj bio verni pratilac jednozrne p\u0161enice (Triticum monococcum L.). Tokom par hiljada godina kukolj se do te mere prilagodio svom doma\u0107inu da je po\u010deo da ga opona\u0161a. Naime, zrna kukolja su sazrevala kad i jednozrne p\u0161enice. 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