{"id":114938,"date":"2015-11-12T11:49:48","date_gmt":"2015-11-12T10:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej-novi.local\/\/jecam\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T10:52:40","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T09:52:40","slug":"jecam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/jecam\/","title":{"rendered":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Je\u010dam"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Je\u010dam (<em>Hordeum vulgare L.<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Je\u010dam pripada naju\u017eem krugu biljaka koje su praistorijski ljudi me\u0111u prvima uspeli da privedu kulturi. Iako ova vrsta ima nemerljiv zna\u010daj kao neprekidan izvor hrane od pojave prvih ratara i tokom cele praistorije \u010desto arheolozi, pri nabrajanju glavnih \u017eitarica, pominju je\u010dam u drugom planu, u senci \u201eprimitivnih\u201c vrsta p\u0161enice. U Vojvodini ne postoji praistorijsko naselje gde nisu prona\u0111eni ostaci ove biljne kulture.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kao praroditelj je\u010dma smatra se divlji je\u010dam (Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch). Radi se o tzv. dvoredom je\u010dmu kod koga su zrna u klasu simetri\u010dno raspore\u0111ena \u2013 sa obe strane klasnog vretena nalazi se samo jedno zrno. Me\u0111utim, prvi ratari su sejali vi\u0161eredi, \u0161estoredi je\u010dam. Nedavna istra\u017eivanja su pokazala da je mutacija samo jednog gena odgovorna za prelazak sa dvoredog na \u0161estoredi je\u010dam. \u0160estoredi je\u010dam u svom klasu ima tri puta vi\u0161e zrna od dvoredog.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-2662\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 6px; float: right;\" title=\"\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0459 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0433 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u0430\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/arh_basta_jecam4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sad postaje komplikovano jer postoji vi\u0161e varijeteta i formi je\u010dma. U praistoriji se gajio pre svega tzv. nepravilni \u0161estoredi (\u201e\u010detvoredi\u201c) je\u010dam (Hordeum vulgare L. var. tetrastichon \u010celak.). Kod ovog varijeteta je\u010dma klas je rastresit i ima po tri razvijena klasi\u0107a na svakom useku vretena klasa. Klasi\u0107i su tako raspre\u0111eni da u popre\u010dnom preseku klasa odaju la\u017eni utisak \u010detvoredosti. Osim toga, postoje dve razli\u010dite forme gajenog je\u010dma: golozrni je\u010dam i je\u010dam \u010dija su zrna srasla sa plevicama. Pre finalne upotrebe u ljudskoj ishrani, zrna ove druge forme se lju\u0161te, bolje je re\u0107i bruse, ili poliraju i tako nastaje ger\u0161la. Ispr\u017eena i samlevena ger\u0161la ima izuzetno prijatan, \u010dak neodoljiv miris. Iako tzv. \u201eobuveni\u201c je\u010dam zahteva dodatan rad nakon vr\u0161idbe, on je veoma rano sa praistorijskih njiva potisnuo golozrnu formu je\u010dma. Razlog tome treba tra\u017eiti u njegovom ve\u0107em prinosu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2664\" style=\"margin-right: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; float: left;\" title=\"\u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0459 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0435 \u0441\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u0459\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u201e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c\u201c \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0443 \u0427\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0411\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0433 \u041f\u043e\u0459\u0430\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/arh_basta_jecam5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" \/>Je\u010dam je vrlo robusna biljka koja ne zahteva veliku negu. Zato ne treba da \u010dudi da je\u010dam ima najve\u0107i areal rasprostranjenosti od svih \u017eitarica; gaji se od Skandinavije do juga Afrike i Australije, a mo\u017ee da se seje i na 4.000 metara nadmorske visine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0422\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u0433\u0430\u0458\u0430\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0458\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0435\u0432 \u2013 \u0441\u0435\u0458\u0430\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u045b\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0437\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0425\u043b\u0435\u0431, \u0431\u043e\u0459\u0435 \u0458\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u045b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043e\u0434 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u0430, \u0458\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0433 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0418\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443\u045a\u0430\u0432 \u0443\u043a\u0443\u0441, \u043b\u043e\u0448 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0441, \u0431\u0440\u0437\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0448\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u0443\u0446\u0430, \u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0448\u0443\u043f\u0459\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0432, \u0442\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e \u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0459\u0438\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043a. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043b\u0435\u0431 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u0440\u0434. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c, \u043e\u0459\u0443\u0448\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0459\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0437, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435. \u041c\u0435\u0452\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u0458\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d \u201e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0438\u201c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0434 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0458\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u2013 \u043f\u0438\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0417\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0434 \u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0459\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0443\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0436\u0432\u0430\u045b\u0435\u043c\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u0437\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0458\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0458\u0430. \u0423 \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0458\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0445\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0458\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0458\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0443 \u0448\u0435\u045b\u0435\u0440, \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0437\u0443. \u0423\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u045a\u0435-\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u0437\u0440\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0458\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0458 \u0448\u0435\u045b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0443 \u0437\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d. \u0410\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0458\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0437\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0459\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435, \u043e\u0432\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0447\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0458\u0447\u0435\u0448\u045b\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0459\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0433 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u045a\u0443 \u043f\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u041c\u0435\u0452\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u043e\u0432\u0430\u0458 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u043f\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0458\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043e \u0443 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0458 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a \u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u045a\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443. \u0421 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u045b\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u0430, \u0442\u0458. \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0432\u0430\u0458 \u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043e \u201eBack to the Future\u201c. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433 \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0458\u0435\u0447\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0458\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u043e \u045a\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u0458\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u045a\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0458\u0443.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u045b, \u043a\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441 \u2013 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0440<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Powered by<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-2106\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/arh_basta_nsseme.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"117\" height=\"50\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dvoredi plevi\u010dasti je\u010dam &#8211; Hordeum distichum L. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><object data=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_jecam.swf\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"656\" height=\"473\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_jecam.swf\" \/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><\/object><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vi\u0161eredi golozrni je\u010dam: Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><object data=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_jecam2.swf\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"656\" height=\"473\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_jecam2.swf\" \/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><\/object><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Je\u010dam (Hordeum vulgare L.) Je\u010dam pripada naju\u017eem krugu biljaka koje su praistorijski ljudi me\u0111u prvima uspeli da privedu kulturi. Iako ova vrsta ima nemerljiv zna\u010daj kao neprekidan izvor hrane od pojave prvih ratara i tokom cele praistorije \u010desto arheolozi, pri nabrajanju glavnih \u017eitarica, pominju je\u010dam u drugom planu, u senci \u201eprimitivnih\u201c vrsta p\u0161enice. U Vojvodini [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":114940,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arheobotanicka-basta-muzeja-vojvodine-lat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Je\u010dam - Muzej Vojvodine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Je\u010dam - Muzej Vojvodine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Je\u010dam (Hordeum vulgare L.) Je\u010dam pripada naju\u017eem krugu biljaka koje su praistorijski ljudi me\u0111u prvima uspeli da privedu kulturi. Iako ova vrsta ima nemerljiv zna\u010daj kao neprekidan izvor hrane od pojave prvih ratara i tokom cele praistorije \u010desto arheolozi, pri nabrajanju glavnih \u017eitarica, pominju je\u010dam u drugom planu, u senci \u201eprimitivnih\u201c vrsta p\u0161enice. 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