{"id":114946,"date":"2015-03-11T11:05:12","date_gmt":"2015-03-11T10:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej-novi.local\/\/socivo\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T10:53:43","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T09:53:43","slug":"socivo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/socivo\/","title":{"rendered":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: So\u010divo"},"content":{"rendered":"

So\u010divo (Lens culinaris<\/em> Medik.)<\/p>\n

\"\"– Evo, sasula sam ti u pepeo zdelu so\u010diva, pa ako je za dva sata otrebiš, mo\u017eeš s nama zajedno.<\/em>
…<\/em>
– Oj vi pitome golubice, vi grlice i sve pti\u010dice pod nebom, do\u0111ite i pomozite mi da trebim:<\/em><\/p>\n

Dobre u lon\u010di\u0107,<\/em>
loše u \u017eelud\u010di\u0107!<\/em>
…<\/em>
Golubice klimahu glavicama i kljuckahu: kljuc, kljuc, kljuc, a zatim i druge po\u010dnu: kljuc, kljuc, kljuc, te sva dobra zrnašca otrebe u zdelu.<\/em><\/p>\n

„Pepeljuga”, Jakob i Vilhelm Grim<\/p>\n

U izvornom, danas skoro zaboravljenom tekstu bajke Pepeljuga pominju se dve veoma stare biljne kulture – grašak i so\u010divo, kao i jedan veliki problem koji se ti\u010de \u010duvanja semena mahunarki na du\u017ei vremenski period. Seme obe biljne vrste su još od praistorije napadale sitne bubice (3–4 mm velike) – \u017eišci. Ove šteto\u010dine se razvijaju u semenu svih vrsta mahunarki, ali svaka vrsta ima svoj vlastiti \u017ei\u017eak: pasulj – pasuljev, grašak – graškov, so\u010divo – \u017ei\u017eak so\u010diva (Bruchus lentis Frölich), bob – bobov \u017ei\u017eak,… Napadnuto seme je na mestima gde su izjedeni hodnici udubljeno, a kad se izglegnu odrasle bube u semenu nalazimo rupice.
Prilikom arheobotani\u010dkih analiza ugljenisanog semenja i plodova na arheološkim istra\u017eivanjima, na mnogim semenkama mahunarki uo\u010dene su male rupice sa tunel\u010di\u0107ima. Zato i ne \u010dudi da su i bra\u0107a Grim zabele\u017eili ovu pojavu koja je ljude pratila od davnina. Ta aktivnost je i dan-danas prisutna u našim kuhinjama, posebno kada se trebe mahunarke i pirina\u010d.
So\u010divo je veoma stara biljna kultura. Na podru\u010dju današnje Vojvodine uzgaja se redovno od neolita do danas, doduše u sve manjem obimu. Prakti\u010dno, ne postoji praistorijska kultura koja nije uzgajala, a ni arheološko nalazište gde ugljenisana zrna nisu prona\u0111ena. Gajilo se zbog zrna koje je bogato belan\u010devinama. Ono se i danas upotrebljava za kuvanje kao varivo. Po brzini kuvanja so\u010divo zauzima prvo mesto me\u0111u mahunarkama.
Biljka je maljava i ima jednu razgranatu stabljiku visine 15–75 cm. Cvetovi su bele, ljubi\u010daste ili svetloplave boje. U uglastim mahunama rastu sazrevaju 1–2 karakteristi\u010dna zrna. Biljka teško podnosi sušu. Vegetacioni period ove mahunarke iznosi 70–120 dana. Vrlo \u010desto se sa so\u010divom seje i je\u010dam. Ovaj prastari obi\u010daj se radio kako bi se so\u010divo odr\u017ealo u uspravnom polo\u017eaju. Je\u010dam sazreva u isto vreme kao i so\u010divo, te je zbog toga najpogodniji za zdru\u017eivanje sa so\u010divom. So\u010divo neravnomerno sazreva. Prezrelo seme se te\u017ee kuva i ima manju hranljivu vrednost, dok zrno nedovoljno zrelog useva gubi vlagu i brzo se sme\u017eura.<\/p>\n

Aleksandar Medovi\u0107, kustos – arheobotani\u010dar<\/p>\n

Powered by<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

<\/object> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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