{"id":114948,"date":"2015-03-11T08:31:52","date_gmt":"2015-03-11T07:31:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej-novi.local\/\/sastrica\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T10:53:52","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T09:53:52","slug":"sastrica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/sastrica\/","title":{"rendered":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Sastrica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sastrica (<em>Lathyrus sativus<\/em> L.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2166\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/arh_basta_sastrica.jpg\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-right: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; float: left;\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" \/>Moram da priznam da sastrica ima najlep&scaron;i cvet u arheobotani\u010dkoj ba&scaron;ti Muzeja Vojvodine &ndash; barem do sada. Ali, verovatno ni meni, kao ni mnogim \u017eiteljima praistorijske Vojvodine nije moglo biti jasno da konzumiranje plodova biljke koja ima ovako lep cvet mo\u017ee da dovede do paralize donjih udova kod ljudi? Verovatno je to i jedan od razloga za&scaron;to su je i dalje uzgajali. Danas, me\u0111utim, uzgaja se uglavnom kao hrana za stoku.<br \/>Tokom &Scaron;panskog rata za nezavisnost od Napoleona sastrica je bila glavni sastojak sirotinjske hrane. Fransisko Goja je ovu hranu ovekove\u010dio na jednoj grafici. Na slici je prikazana sirotinja koja pre\u017eivljava ratne godine na ka&scaron;i napravljenoj od bra&scaron;na sastrice. Jedna osoba le\u017ei na podu, ve\u0107 obogaljena od konzumiranja ove biljne kulture.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-2168\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/arh_basta_sastrica4.jpg\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 6px; float: right;\" width=\"230\" height=\"169\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sastrica je mahunarka koja je po\u010dala da se uzgaja jo&scaron; pre 12.000 godina u Turskoj i Iraku. Me\u0111utim najve\u0107i broj nalaza iz neolita poti\u010de sa Balkana: Gr\u010dke i Bugarske. Kod nas u Vojvodini, ugljenisana semena su prona\u0111ena u bronzanodobnim slojevima na Feudvaru kod Mo&scaron;orina, gvozdenodobnim slojevima Gradine na Bosutu. Na oba ova praistorijska naselja imala je drugorazedan zna\u010daj me\u0111u mehunarkama. Dodu&scaron;e, te&scaron;ko je re\u0107i da li svi nalazi mogu da se pripi&scaron;u sastrici ili njenom divljem srodniku Lathyrus cicera L. &ndash; verovatno progenitoru sastrice. Seme sastrice ima karakteristi\u010dan izgled &ndash; nalik je sekirici. U pet santimetara duga\u010dkim mahunama razvija se od jedan do pet semena.<br \/>Biljka sastrice je sposobna da fiksira atmosferski azot, te je kao &bdquo;zeleni&scaron;no \u0111ubrivo&#8221; bila posejana u avgustu 2013. u arheobotani\u010dkoj ba&scaron;ti. Sastrica je jednogodi&scaron;nja zeljasta biljka, vegetacioni period traje 80&ndash;110 dana. Sastrica jako dobro podnosi su&scaron;u, otporna je na &scaron;teto\u010dine, uklju\u010duju\u0107i i skladi&scaron;ne insekte. Puna je belan\u010devina, ali u semenkama sadr\u017ei jake neurotoksine &ndash; oksalildiaminopropionsku kiselinu (ODAP). Ova aminokiselina deluje na ki\u010dmenu mo\u017edinu; uni&scaron;tava \u017eiv\u010dana vlakna kod ljudi, ali doma\u0107ih \u017eivotinja. Ukoliko plodovi sastrice \u010dine vi&scaron;e od jedne tre\u0107ine obroka, redovnim konzumiranjem dolazi do hroni\u010dnog trovanja ljudi koje se naziva latirizam. Osim sastrice latirizam mogu izazvati i ostale biljake iz roda graora (Lathyrus), ali i grahorica (Vicia). Smrtnost usled trovanja iznosi oko 30%. Zato u ishrani seme biljaka sastrice ne bi trebalo da u\u010destvuje vi&scaron;e od 5%. Da je latirizam bio poznat i u starom svetu ukazuju navodi Hipokrata o ovoj bolesti koji datiraju iz 46. g. p. n. e. Me\u0111utim, dobra vest je da se neurotoksini mogu ve\u0107im delom isprati iz semena sastrice &ndash; kuvanjem semena oko sat vremena uklanja se i do 70% toksina. Da su ovo znali i ljudi u neolitu ukazuje jedan slu\u010dajni nalaz u severnoj Gr\u010dkoj.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aleksandar Medovi\u0107, kustos &ndash; arheobotani\u010dar<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Powered by<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-2106\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/arh_basta_nsseme.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"117\" height=\"50\" \/><\/p>\n<p> <object data=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_sastrica.swf\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"656\" height=\"473\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_sastrica.swf\" \/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><\/object> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sastrica (Lathyrus sativus L.) Moram da priznam da sastrica ima najlep&scaron;i cvet u arheobotani\u010dkoj ba&scaron;ti Muzeja Vojvodine &ndash; barem do sada. Ali, verovatno ni meni, kao ni mnogim \u017eiteljima praistorijske Vojvodine nije moglo biti jasno da konzumiranje plodova biljke koja ima ovako lep cvet mo\u017ee da dovede do paralize donjih udova kod ljudi? Verovatno je [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":114949,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arheobotanicka-basta-muzeja-vojvodine-lat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Sastrica - Muzej Vojvodine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Sastrica - Muzej Vojvodine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sastrica (Lathyrus sativus L.) Moram da priznam da sastrica ima najlep&scaron;i cvet u arheobotani\u010dkoj ba&scaron;ti Muzeja Vojvodine &ndash; barem do sada. Ali, verovatno ni meni, kao ni mnogim \u017eiteljima praistorijske Vojvodine nije moglo biti jasno da konzumiranje plodova biljke koja ima ovako lep cvet mo\u017ee da dovede do paralize donjih udova kod ljudi? 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Moram da priznam da sastrica ima najlep&scaron;i cvet u arheobotani\u010dkoj ba&scaron;ti Muzeja Vojvodine &ndash; barem do sada. Ali, verovatno ni meni, kao ni mnogim \u017eiteljima praistorijske Vojvodine nije moglo biti jasno da konzumiranje plodova biljke koja ima ovako lep cvet mo\u017ee da dovede do paralize donjih udova kod ljudi? 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