{"id":114965,"date":"2015-03-06T07:38:10","date_gmt":"2015-03-06T06:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej-novi.local\/\/italijanski-muhar\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T10:55:17","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T09:55:17","slug":"italijanski-muhar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/italijanski-muhar\/","title":{"rendered":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Italijanski muhar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Italijanski muhar (<em>Setaria italica<\/em> [L.] Beauv.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ostala narodna imena: italijansko proso, klipasti muhar<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2118\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/arh_basta_muhar.jpg\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; float: left;\" width=\"250\" height=\"170\" \/>Malo ko zna da se na ovoj kulturi zasniva drevna kineska civilizacija, odnosno da je ovo bila glavna \u017eitarica u neolitskoj Kini. Italijanski muhar je u kulturu priveden pre oko 8.000 godina u &scaron;irokom lesnom pojasu oko reke Jangce u Kini. Me\u0111utim, prvi nalazi ugljenisanih zrna ove biljke u centralnoj Evropi su prona\u0111eni tek u arheolo&scaron;kim slojevima iz 2. veka p. n. e. Nalazi italijanskog muhara, dodu&scaron;e malobrojni, bele\u017ee se na arheolo&scaron;kim lokalitetima u Vojvodini tek od bronzanog, odnosno gvozdenog doba. Me\u0111utim, klipasti muhar se u Evropi nikad nije sejao na ve\u0107im povr&scaron;inama. &Scaron;tavi&scaron;e, ova drevna kultura je kod nas postala zna\u010dajana korovsko-ruderalna biljka. Niski prinos je glavni razlog &scaron;to ova biljna kultura nije imala ve\u0107u ulogu u na&scaron;em ratarstvu.<br \/>Italijanski muhar se uzgaja pre svega zbog zrna. Olju&scaron;teno zrno se kuva kao pirina\u010d, ali se mo\u017ee i samleti u bra&scaron;no od koga se pravi beskvasni hleb &ndash; poga\u010da. U severnoj Kini je italijanski muhar glavni sastojak u jelima: uglavnom se kuva zajedno sa mahunarkama (varivima), ili se njegovo bra&scaron;no me&scaron;a sa bra&scaron;nom drugih \u017eitarica, a potom koristi za pravljenje hleba ili rezanaca. Smatra se da su jela napravljena od italijanskog muhara veoma hranljiva, te se \u010desto preporu\u010duju starijim osobam i trudnicama. U Rusiji i Mjanmaru se muhar koristi u pripremi alkoholnih pi\u0107a i piva. U Evropi se danas uzgaja jo&scaron; samo kao krmna biljka, za dobijanje sena i sila\u017ee. Kod nas se ova drevna biljna kultura uglavnom koristi za prehranu ptica &ndash; npr. poslastica za papagaje.<br \/>Ova jednogodi&scaron;nja biljka se seje od prole\u0107a do leta, nakon kasnih mrazeva. Biljka mo\u017ee da naraste do oko pola metra visine. Italijanski muhar ima klasoliku metlicu (tzv. prividnu klas) i sitnije zrno od obi\u010dnog prosa. Cveta svega 60 dana nakon setve, a celokupni vegetacioni period traje 80&ndash;120 dana, sa tim da neke sorte sazrevaju posle svega dva meseca. Sazreva ravnomernije od obi\u010dnog prosa. Danas se uglavnom uzgaja u Kini i Indiji u predelima sa godi&scaron;njom sumom padavina 400&ndash;800 mm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aleksandar Medovi\u0107, kustos &ndash; arheobotani\u010dar<\/p>\n<p> <object data=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_italijanski_muhar.swf\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"656\" height=\"473\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_italijanski_muhar.swf\" \/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><\/object> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Italijanski muhar (Setaria italica [L.] Beauv.) Ostala narodna imena: italijansko proso, klipasti muhar Malo ko zna da se na ovoj kulturi zasniva drevna kineska civilizacija, odnosno da je ovo bila glavna \u017eitarica u neolitskoj Kini. Italijanski muhar je u kulturu priveden pre oko 8.000 godina u &scaron;irokom lesnom pojasu oko reke Jangce u Kini. Me\u0111utim, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":114966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arheobotanicka-basta-muzeja-vojvodine-lat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Italijanski muhar - Muzej Vojvodine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Italijanski muhar - Muzej Vojvodine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Italijanski muhar (Setaria italica [L.] Beauv.) Ostala narodna imena: italijansko proso, klipasti muhar Malo ko zna da se na ovoj kulturi zasniva drevna kineska civilizacija, odnosno da je ovo bila glavna \u017eitarica u neolitskoj Kini. Italijanski muhar je u kulturu priveden pre oko 8.000 godina u &scaron;irokom lesnom pojasu oko reke Jangce u Kini. 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