{"id":114970,"date":"2015-03-04T10:52:03","date_gmt":"2015-03-04T09:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej-novi.local\/\/safranika\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T10:55:40","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T09:55:40","slug":"safranika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/safranika\/","title":{"rendered":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta u Muzeju Vojvodine: \u0160afranika (Carthamus tinctorius L.)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0160afranika je jednogodi\u0161nja biljka. Ona mo\u017ee i da prezimi. Ova \u201eboca\u201c mo\u017ee da naraste do visine kuka prose\u010dnog \u010doveka. Boja njenih cvetova varira od \u017eute do narand\u017easto\u017eute. Postoje i tipovi \u0161afranike \u010diji se cvetovi javljaju u nijansama od bele do narand\u017eastocrvene boje. Osim bodljikavih formi ove biljke, poznate su i sorte bez bodlji. Ove poslednje se, me\u0111utim, jo\u0161 nisu \u201edokazale\u201c u proizvodnji. Danas se \u0161afranika uzgaja kao uljarica. Ulje se nalazi u plodovima, tzv. ahenama. Ahene su poput malih, zaobljenih semena srodnog suncokreta. Me\u0111utim, one su tvr\u0111e. Ulje \u0161afranike je bogato vi\u0161estruko nezasi\u0107enim masnim kiselinama. Zbog toga se upotrebljava i u ishrani \u2013 za salate. Zagrevanjem se smanjuje njegov kvalitet. Kako biljka mo\u017ee da izdr\u017ei sa malo vode, uglavnom se uzgaja u onim predelima gde su leta suva i topla. Ulje se koristi i u proizvodnji sapuna, firnisa, uljanih boja, lakova i dr. Plodovi \u0161afranike i nedovoljno pro\u010di\u0161\u0107eno ulje kori\u0161\u0107eni su u narodnoj medicini, jer deluju kao jak laksativ. Me\u0111utim, upotreba ulja dobijenog iz plodova ove biljke donedavno je imala sporedni karakter.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0160afranika se, pre svega, uzgajala zbog cvetova, koji sadr\u017ee pigmente. Cvetne glavice beru se sve dok biljka cveta i brzo se su\u0161e, kako bi se \u0161to bolje sa\u010duvala narand\u017easta boja. \u0160afranika ima dva pigmenta, koja se razli\u010dito upotrebljavaju: \u017eivopisnim \u017eutim pigmentom se bojadi\u0161u razli\u010dita jela, a drugim pigmentom se tkanine i vlakna boje u nijanse od crvene do braon ili crne. \u017duta boja, koja je, ina\u010de, sporedna boja \u0161afranike, rastvara se u vodi. Njena osnovna boja je \u0161pansko crveno ili kartamin. Ona se rastvara u alkalnoj vodi (sodi). Kartamin se, pre svega, koristio kao bojadiser u boja\u010dnicama, ali i kao karmin. Njime je bojena vuna, svila i pamuk. Vuni i lanu \u0161afranika daje roza boju. Me\u0111utim, ovako obojene tkanine nisu postojane, te vrlo brzo izblede. Pre izuma sinteti\u010dkih anilinskih boja, \u0161afranika je bila drugi najva\u017eniji biljni bojadiser \u2013 posle indiga. Gotovo u svakoj ba\u0161ti u Vojvodini se pre samo nekoliko decenija moglo prona\u0107i i malo \u0161afranike.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Osim u cvetovima, \u017euti pigment se nalazi i u listovima \u0161afranike. Njime obojena vuna dobija svetlo\u017eutu nijansu. Listovi \u0161afranike su i danas omiljen biljni bojadiser u Turskoj.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Stanovnici utvr\u0111enog naselja Feudvar kod Mo\u0161orina su u srednjem bronzanom dobu (oko 1500 g. p. n. e.) uzgajali \u0161afraniku radi bojadisanja, a ne kao izvor biljnog ulja. Oni su je, najverovatnije, koristili za \u0161minkanje, farbanje tkanina koje su koristili za \u0161trikanje ili uvrtanje dekorativnih vrpci. Cvetovi su, verovatno, kori\u0161\u0107eni za bojenje kuvanih jela ili peciva. Jela ofarbana finom \u017eutom nijansom su delotvorno otvarale apetit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Aleksandar Medovi\u0107, kustos \u2013 arheobotani\u010dar<\/em><\/p>\n<p><object data=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_safranika.swf\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"656\" height=\"473\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_safranika.swf\" \/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><\/object><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160afranika je jednogodi\u0161nja biljka. Ona mo\u017ee i da prezimi. Ova \u201eboca\u201c mo\u017ee da naraste do visine kuka prose\u010dnog \u010doveka. Boja njenih cvetova varira od \u017eute do narand\u017easto\u017eute. Postoje i tipovi \u0161afranike \u010diji se cvetovi javljaju u nijansama od bele do narand\u017eastocrvene boje. Osim bodljikavih formi ove biljke, poznate su i sorte bez bodlji. Ove poslednje [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":112494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114970","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arheobotanicka-basta-muzeja-vojvodine-lat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta u Muzeju Vojvodine: \u0160afranika (Carthamus tinctorius L.) - Muzej Vojvodine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta u Muzeju Vojvodine: \u0160afranika (Carthamus tinctorius L.) - Muzej Vojvodine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0160afranika je jednogodi\u0161nja biljka. Ona mo\u017ee i da prezimi. Ova \u201eboca\u201c mo\u017ee da naraste do visine kuka prose\u010dnog \u010doveka. Boja njenih cvetova varira od \u017eute do narand\u017easto\u017eute. Postoje i tipovi \u0161afranike \u010diji se cvetovi javljaju u nijansama od bele do narand\u017eastocrvene boje. Osim bodljikavih formi ove biljke, poznate su i sorte bez bodlji. 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