{"id":114985,"date":"2013-09-12T09:50:27","date_gmt":"2013-09-12T08:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej-novi.local\/\/divlji-hmelj\/"},"modified":"2021-11-23T10:56:58","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T09:56:58","slug":"divlji-hmelj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/divlji-hmelj\/","title":{"rendered":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta u Muzeju Vojvodine: Divlji hmelj (Humulus lupulus L.)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-1484\" style=\"margin-right: 6px; margin-bottom: 6px; float: left;\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/arh_basta_hmelj.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"166\" \/>Hmelj je dugove\u010dna divlja poviju\u0161a koja raste i do \u0161est metara u visinu. Tankom, vijugavom i hrapavom stabljikom se penje po plotovima, grmlju, ali i drugom, ja\u010dem bilju. Vrhovi mladih stabljika se ponekad isprepli\u0107u i uvijaju u smeru kazaljke na satu jedan oko drugog. Listovi su mu troprsti ili petoprsti. Kao i stabljika, listovi su hrapavi od kratkih, krutih dlaka. Biljka je dvodoma \u2013 postoje &#8220;\u017eenske&#8221; i &#8220;mu\u0161ke&#8221; biljke. Hmelj cveta od maja do avgusta. Samo \u017eenske biljke nose jajaste \u0161i\u0161arke koje se prilikom branja lepe za prste. Duga\u010dke su 3\u20134 cm, a \u0161iroke 2 cm. U \u0161i\u0161arkama se nalaze \u017elezdaste tvorevine koje se koriste, pre svega, u industriji piva. Smola iz lupulina konzervi\u0161e pivo spre\u010davaju\u0107i razvoj mle\u010dno-kiselih bakterija, etarsko ulje mu daje prijatan miris, gorke materije (humulon i lupulon) gor\u010dinu, a tanin ga bistri talo\u017ee\u0107i belan\u010devine je\u010dmenog slada.<\/p>\n<p>Hmelj raste u Vojvodini kao samonikla biljka po vla\u017enim i senovitim mestima, uz grmlje, rubove \u0161uma i obale reka. Hmelj se u Evropi uzgaja od ranog srednjeg veka. Najraniji pisani izvori o uzgoju hmelja poti\u010du iz Bavarske sa polovine 9. veka. Ovo se ujedno poklapa i sa arheobotani\u010dkim nalazima iz centralne Evrope. Dodu\u0161e, prvi nalazi plodova (ora\u0161ica) hmelja u Evropi poti\u010du jo\u0161 iz neolita. Nalazi hmelja se bele\u017ee i na arheolo\u0161kim istra\u017eivanjima naselja iz gvozdenog doba i rimskog perioda. Ali, po\u0161to se radi o malom broju nalaza, oni se te\u0161ko mogu povezati sa proizvodnjom piva. Oni vi\u0161e ukazuju na upotrebu ove biljke u ishrani. Jestivi su, mo\u017ee se re\u0107i \u010dak i veoma ukusni, mladi, proletni izdanci. Arheobotani\u010dki nalazi hmelja su pojavom ranog srednjeg veka takore\u0107i eksplodirali, a poti\u010du sa podru\u010dje iznad Alpa. Tek oko 14. veka po\u010dinju da se javljaju i prvi nalazi u Panonskoj niziji. Prvi pisani podaci o uzgoja hmelja kod nas vezuju se za grofa Andreja Hadika koji je 1770. godine gajio hmelj na svom imanju kod Futoga. U Vojvodini, pre svega Ba\u010dkoj, hmeljarstvo je veoma va\u017ena privredna grana. Centar vojvo\u0111anskog hmeljarstva je Ba\u010dki Petrovac.<\/p>\n<p>Danas se u proizvodnji piva isklju\u010divo koristi gajeni hmelj. \u0160i\u0161arke samoniklog hmelja, me\u0111utim, ne bi trebalo upotrebljavati u proizvodnji, jer mogu delovati otrovno. Iako je od 1516. godine u Nema\u010dkoj va\u017eio zakon o \u010disto\u0107i piva (Reinheitsgebot), po kojem su jedini dozvoljeni sastojci za pravljenje piva voda, je\u010dam i hmelj, mnoge druge aromati\u010dne biljke su kori\u0107ene zarad pravljenja tzv. lekovitih piva.<\/p>\n<p>Hmelj ima i lekovito dejstvo. \u0160i\u0161arke hmelja deluju svojim gorkim materijama osve\u017eavaju\u0107e i okrepljuju\u0107e, te ja\u010daju \u017eeludac, i lupulinom kao anafrodizijak (sredstvo za smanjenje libida). Jastuci punjeni hmeljom poma\u017eu, navodno, kod nesanice. Gorki \u010daj od \u0161i\u0161arki hmelja deluje umiruju\u0107e i uspavljuju\u0107e.<\/p>\n<p>U Arheobotani\u010dkoj ba\u0161ti Muzeja Vojvodine su 8. maja 2013. godine posa\u0111ene tri biljke hmelja sa arheolo\u0161kog nalazi\u0161ta Gradina na Bosutu kod Va\u0161ice <a href=\"http:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/FFlGb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Google Maps<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>(Aleksandar Medovi\u0107, kustos \u2013 arheobotani\u010dar)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><object width=\"656\" height=\"473\" classid=\"CLSID:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11CF-96B8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http:\/\/download.macromedia.com\/pub\/shockwave\/cabs\/flash\/swflash.cab#version=10,1,53,64\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/hmelj.swf\" \/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><param name=\"src\" value=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/hmelj.swf\" \/><embed src=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/hmelj.swf\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"656\" height=\"473\" \/><\/object><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hmelj je dugove\u010dna divlja poviju\u0161a koja raste i do \u0161est metara u visinu. Tankom, vijugavom i hrapavom stabljikom se penje po plotovima, grmlju, ali i drugom, ja\u010dem bilju. Vrhovi mladih stabljika se ponekad isprepli\u0107u i uvijaju u smeru kazaljke na satu jedan oko drugog. Listovi su mu troprsti ili petoprsti. Kao i stabljika, listovi su [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":114986,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arheobotanicka-basta-muzeja-vojvodine-lat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta u Muzeju Vojvodine: Divlji hmelj (Humulus lupulus L.) - Muzej Vojvodine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta u Muzeju Vojvodine: Divlji hmelj (Humulus lupulus L.) - Muzej Vojvodine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hmelj je dugove\u010dna divlja poviju\u0161a koja raste i do \u0161est metara u visinu. Tankom, vijugavom i hrapavom stabljikom se penje po plotovima, grmlju, ali i drugom, ja\u010dem bilju. Vrhovi mladih stabljika se ponekad isprepli\u0107u i uvijaju u smeru kazaljke na satu jedan oko drugog. Listovi su mu troprsti ili petoprsti. 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