{"id":131009,"date":"2021-06-23T09:31:59","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T08:31:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej-novi.local\/?p=31009"},"modified":"2021-11-23T10:51:27","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T09:51:27","slug":"proso","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/proso\/","title":{"rendered":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Proso"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Proso (<em>Panicum miliaceum<\/em> L.)<\/p>\n<p><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-2162\" src=\"\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/arh_basta_proso.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"208\" \/><\/em><em>Bila jednom jedna siroma\u0161na, dobra devoj\u010dica koja je \u017eivela sama sa svojom majkom. Nisu imale ni\u0161ta da jedu. Stoga devoj\u010dica oti\u0111e u \u0161umu i tamo sretne jednu staru baku koja je ve\u0107 znala za njenu muku. Starica joj dade lonac koji, kad mu se ka\u017ee: \u201eLon\u010di\u0107u, skuvaj ne\u0161to&#8221;, on skuva veoma ukusnu, slatku ka\u0161u od prosa, a kad mu se ka\u017ee: \u201eLon\u010di\u0107u, prestani&#8221;, on prestane da kuva.<br \/>\nDevoj\u010dica odnese lonac ku\u0107i kod svoje majke. Od sada vi\u0161e nisu bile siroma\u0161ne i gladne. Jele su slatku ka\u0161u kad god bi to po\u017eelele.<br \/>\nJednom, kad je devoj\u010dica iza\u0161la iz ku\u0107e, re\u010de majka loncu: \u201eLon\u010di\u0107u, skuvaj ne\u0161to&#8221;. On skuva ka\u0161u i majka se najede. Sad je majka htela da lonac prestane da kuva, ali ona nije znala re\u010di da ga zaustavi. Lonac nastavi da kuva ka\u0161u, ka\u0161a prekipe i prekri celu kuhinju i ku\u0107u, zatim drugu ku\u0107u, a potom i celu ulicu. Lonac kao da je hteo da svojom ka\u0161om nahrani ceo svet, kao da u svetu vlada najve\u0107a nesre\u0107a i glad. Kad je ka\u0161a stigla do poslednje ku\u0107e, devoj\u010dica se napokon vrati ku\u0107i i re\u010de: \u201eLon\u010di\u0107u, prestani&#8221;. Lonac istog trena prestade da kuva. Ko je posle ovoga hteo da se vrati u grad morao je da se probije do svoje ku\u0107e jedu\u0107i ka\u0161u.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Jakob i Vilhelm Grim,\u201eSlatka ka\u0161a&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Ljudi su oduvek voleli slatko, ali slatkog u praistoriji i ranoj istoriji nije bilo u izobilju. Ukoliko su \u017eeleli da se oslade, ljudi su morali da se namu\u010de tra\u017ee\u0107i, a ne\u0161to docnije i prave\u0107i med. Me\u0111utim, med nije bio jedini izvor slatkog u dalekoj pro\u0161losti. Slatke ka\u0161e, a pogotovu ka\u0161a od prosa, predstavljale su glavnu alternativu medu. Njihova prednost je bila \u0161to su mogle da se jedu svakog dana, a ne samo u posebnim prilikama. Ina\u010de, \u0161e\u0107er je prvi put bio proizveden od \u0161e\u0107erne trske sredinom prvog milenijuma stare ere u Indiji. Bogati Rimljani su cenili \u0161e\u0107er, te ga skupo pla\u0107ali i uvozili iz Persije. Proizvodnja \u0161e\u0107erne repe u oblasti Mediterana i Evrope (Rodos, Krit, Sicilija, ju\u017ena \u0160panija) je do\u017eivela ekspanziju tek \u0161irenjem Islama (700\u20131500. g.). Kod nas je \u0161e\u0107er do\u0161ao sa prvim krsta\u0161ima u srednjem veku. Bajka bra\u0107e Grim \u201eSlatka ka\u0161a&#8221; ukazuje na veliki zna\u010daj prosa jo\u0161 u 18. i 19. veku u srednjoj Evropi.<br \/>\nJedan od glavnih razloga za\u0161to se proso kod nas uzgaja jo\u0161 od neolita i prvih ratara i sto\u010dara (dodu\u0161e tek ne\u0161to \u201estidljivo&#8221;, a mo\u017eda se radi i o korovskoj primesi), pa sve do poznog srednjeg veka, je njen kratak vegetacioni period. Naime, proso sazreva svega tri meseca (pa \u010dak i ranije) nakon setve. Stoga i ne \u010dudi da je ova biljna kultura uglavnom bila uzgajana \u201eu naletima&#8221;, odnosno u periodima kada se menjala klima, uglavnom na gore, i u godinama kada su su\u0161e, oluje i poplave uni\u0161tavale \u010ditave letine.<br \/>\nProso je jednogodi\u0161nja, jara biljna kultura koja izgledom podse\u0107a na kukuruz. Raste do oko jedan metar u visinu. Cvast kod prosa je, za razliku od ve\u0107ine strnih \u017eitarica, metlica. U njima sazrevaju sitna zrna, veli\u010dine 2\u20133 mm.<br \/>\nJedu se kuvana cela zrna ili istucana u prah kao bra\u0161no za pravljenje hleba, testenina i fermentisanih namirnica (npr. pivo). Ima ukus sli\u010dan ora\u0161icama ili kukuruzu. Proso se lak\u0161e vari od mnogih \u017eitarica jer u sebi ima visok sadr\u017eaj baza. Tako\u0111e, ne sadr\u017ei gluten. Hleb napravljen od bra\u0161na prosa ne narasta kao kod ostalih \u017eitarica, a pogodan je za i\u0161ranu ljudi \u010diji organizmi imaju netrpeljivost prema glutenu. Seme tako\u0111e mo\u017ee da slu\u017ei kao dodatak salatama, supama&#8230; Seme sadr\u017ei oko 10% belan\u010devina i oko 4% masti.<br \/>\nU Vojvodini su prona\u0111ena ugljenisana zrna prosa na, izme\u0111u ostalih, slede\u0107im arheolo\u0161kim lokalitetima: Star\u010devo \u2013 Grad (neolit \u2013 Star\u010deva\u010dka kultura), Gomolava (neolit \u2013Vin\u010danska kultura, bakarno doba \u2013 Kostola\u010dka kultura), Feudvar (bronzano doba), Gradina na Bosutu (starije gvozdeno doba), \u010carnok (mla\u0111e gvozdeno doba), Petrovaradinska tvr\u0111ava (Rimski period)&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Aleksandar Medovi\u0107, kustos \u2013 arheobotani\u010dar<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><object data=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_proso.swf\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" width=\"656\" height=\"473\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><param name=\"movie\" value=\"images\/ilustracije\/swf\/arh_basta_proso.swf\" \/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><\/object><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Proso (Panicum miliaceum L.) Bila jednom jedna siroma\u0161na, dobra devoj\u010dica koja je \u017eivela sama sa svojom majkom. Nisu imale ni\u0161ta da jedu. Stoga devoj\u010dica oti\u0111e u \u0161umu i tamo sretne jednu staru baku koja je ve\u0107 znala za njenu muku. Starica joj dade lonac koji, kad mu se ka\u017ee: \u201eLon\u010di\u0107u, skuvaj ne\u0161to&#8221;, on skuva veoma [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":114951,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10173],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arheobotanicka-basta-muzeja-vojvodine-lat"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Proso - Muzej Vojvodine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Proso - Muzej Vojvodine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Proso (Panicum miliaceum L.) Bila jednom jedna siroma\u0161na, dobra devoj\u010dica koja je \u017eivela sama sa svojom majkom. Nisu imale ni\u0161ta da jedu. Stoga devoj\u010dica oti\u0111e u \u0161umu i tamo sretne jednu staru baku koja je ve\u0107 znala za njenu muku. Starica joj dade lonac koji, kad mu se ka\u017ee: \u201eLon\u010di\u0107u, skuvaj ne\u0161to&#8221;, on skuva veoma [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/proso\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Muzej Vojvodine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-06-23T08:31:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-23T09:51:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/djukic.online\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/arh_basta_proso.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"250\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"208\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Proso\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-06-23T08:31:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-23T09:51:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":743,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/03\\\/arh_basta_proso.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine\"],\"inLanguage\":\"sr-lt\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/\",\"name\":\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Proso - Muzej Vojvodine\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/03\\\/arh_basta_proso.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-06-23T08:31:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-23T09:51:27+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sr-lt\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sr-lt\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/03\\\/arh_basta_proso.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/03\\\/arh_basta_proso.jpg\",\"width\":250,\"height\":208},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/proso\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/naslovna\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Proso\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/\",\"name\":\"Muzej Vojvodine\",\"description\":\"Muzej Vojvodine je pokrajinski muzej kompleksnog tipa koji prikuplja, obra\u0111uje, \u010duva i prezentuje muzejsku gra\u0111u sa teritorije Vojvodine.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sr-lt\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/djukic.online\\\/lat\\\/author\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Proso - Muzej Vojvodine","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Arheobotani\u010dka ba\u0161ta Muzeja Vojvodine: Proso - Muzej Vojvodine","og_description":"Proso (Panicum miliaceum L.) 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