{"id":137810,"date":"2022-02-01T11:01:13","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T10:01:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/muzej-novi.local\/%d1%80%d1%83%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%92%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%ba%d1%83%d0%bb%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8\/"},"modified":"2022-03-24T09:45:27","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T08:45:27","slug":"%d1%80%d1%83%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%92%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%ba%d1%83%d0%bb%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djukic.online\/lat\/%d1%80%d1%83%d1%87%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%92%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%ba%d1%83%d0%bb%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivatori"},"content":{"rendered":"

U zbirci Alatke, ma\u0161ine, oru\u0111a i zanati Muzeja Vojvodine \u2013 Muzejski kompleks Kulpin, prikupljeni su me\u0111uredni kultivatori, koji imaju jo\u0161 i naziv: pra\u0161a\u010di, para\u010di ili kopa\u010dice. Pripadaju grupi ma\u0161ina za dopunsku obradu zemlji\u0161ta. Postoje brojne njene podele. Tako prema na\u010dinu vu\u010de mo\u017ee biti: ru\u010dni, zapre\u017eni i traktorski, prema na\u010dinu izrade: ru\u010dne, odnosno doma\u0107e, zanatske (kova\u010dko-kolarske) i industrijske izrade, a prema broju redova: jednoredni i vi\u0161eredni.<\/p>\n

Bez obzira da li se radi o ru\u010dnim, zapre\u017enim ili traktorskim me\u0111urednim kultivatorima, oni se koriste za dopunsku obradu zemlji\u0161ta izme\u0111u redova biljaka. Radom radnog organa, koji predstavlja moti\u010dica, razli\u010ditog oblika, uni\u0161tavaju se korovske biljke podsecanjem, razbija se pokorica ili kora obrazovana posle ve\u0107ih padavina, drobi se i sitni zemlji\u0161te, \u010dime se prorahli, odnosno rastrese. Za istu namenu se koriste motike.<\/p>\n

Posetioci sajta Muzeja Vojvodine, u okviru rubrike Budi odgovoran prema duhu i telu<\/em>, u prvoj pri\u010di \u0107e se upoznati sa ru\u010dnim me\u0111urednim kultivatorima.<\/p>\n

Za ru\u010dne me\u0111uredne kultivatore je zajedni\u010dko to da su jednoredni i da se prevashodno koriste za rad na malim parcelama, u oku\u0107nicama i ba\u0161tama. U odnosu na dobro znano ru\u010dno oru\u0111e motiku, posti\u017ee ve\u0107i radni u\u010dinak, jer se znatno vi\u0161e uradi, ali imaju jedan nedostatak u odnosu na nju. Naime, ne mo\u017ee se dobro okopati oko biljke. Njima upravlja jedan \u010dovek. S obzirom da je re\u010d o ru\u010dnom oru\u0111u, rad je sporiji i dovodi do zamora radnika.<\/p>\n

Karakteristi\u010dno je da je radni organ izmenjiv, u zavisnosti od agrotehni\u010dke operacije koja se izvodi, tako da mo\u017ee biti: plu\u017ena daska, zagrta\u010dka daska, moti\u010dica razli\u010ditog oblika, sejalica i drugo.<\/p>\n

Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivatori se i danas mogu videti u radu. Veoma je zanimljivo da njih izra\u0111uju ve\u0161ti poljoprivrednici i to od bicikla, kako bi sebi olak\u0161ali te\u017eak i naporan posao.<\/p>\n

\"\"sl. 1. Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivator, \u201eproizvo\u0111a\u010d\u201c Zvonko Dejanovi\u0107, Gospo\u0111inci, oktobar 2019. godine, foto: Filip Forkapi\u0107 <\/em><\/p>\n

Istra\u017eiva\u010dkim radom su prikupljena dva ru\u010dna me\u0111uredna kultivatora.<\/p>\n

Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivator \u201eEMPIRE\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na prednjem delu ru\u010dnog me\u0111urednog kultivatora \u201eEMPIRE\u201c se nalazi veliki gvozdeni vozni to\u010dak, pre\u010dnika 600 mm, sa osam \u017ebica. Radni organ predstavlja moti\u010dica, takozvana \u201egu\u0161\u010dija noga\u201c, postavljena na vertikalnom \u010deli\u010dnom nosa\u010du. On ima mogu\u0107nost pode\u0161avanja kako po visini tako i horizontalno, po nosa\u010du to\u010dka, gde za tu namenu slu\u017ee po tri otvora.<\/p>\n

Za upravljanje kultivatora slu\u017ee dve drvene ru\u010dice, sa rukohvatima, koje su, pak, me\u0111usobno u\u010dvr\u0161\u0107ene \u010deli\u010dnom sponom. Sa njihove spoljne strane, na levoj je ispisano MADE IN U. S. A., a na desnoj No 3 BOY SCOUT, sa nalepnicom proizvo\u0111a\u010da \u201eEMPIRE\u201c. Na njima je sa\u010duvana originalna boja \u2013 narand\u017easta.<\/p>\n

\"\"sl. 2. Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivator \u201eEMPIRE\u201c (inv. br. 90), foto: Filip Forkapi\u0107<\/em><\/p>\n

Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivator \u201eEMPIRE\u201c je industrijske izrade i proizveden je posle Drugog svetskog rata.<\/p>\n

On je poklonjen decembra meseca 1999. godine. Kako bismo jo\u0161 jednom naglasili zna\u010daj poklanjanja predmeta za muzeje, navedeno je ime darodavca. To je Ivan \u0160imunec, iz Ba\u010dke Topole.<\/p>\n

Istorijat ovog predmeta je veoma zanimljiv. Naime, on je 1952. godine dobijen, kao poklon, preko programa \u201eUNRA\u201c (\u201eUNRRA\u201c). Bio je u vlasni\u0161tvu Ane \u0160tibranji, koga, pak, nasle\u0111uje Marija \u0160imunec, ro\u0111. Elizek. Ona je imala zemlju u delu Novog Sada koji se zove Telep, povr\u0161ine 1,5-2 KJ (katastarski jutar), pa je na osnovu toga dobijen. Poklon je realizovan preko novosadskog pogona Pokrajinskog poslovnog saveza za mehanizaciju i hemizaciju poljoprivrede \u201ePoljostroj\u201c.<\/p>\n

Ina\u010de, navedeni program \u201eUNRA\u201c je predstavljao program tehni\u010dke pomo\u0107i ratom razru\u0161enoj Jugoslaviji, kada je najve\u0107i broj ameri\u010dke poljoprivredne mehanizacije stigao u na\u0161u zemlju. Me\u0111u njima, najpoznatiji su bili tricikl traktori marke \u201eOliver\u201c (\u201eOliver\u201c).<\/p>\n

\"\"sl. 3. Konzervacija ru\u010dnog me\u0111urednog kultivatora \u201eEMPIRE\u201c, izvr\u0161ilac Dragan Ogar, tehni\u010dar Muzeja Vojvodine, konzervator za materijal od metala, Kulpin, april 2010. godine, foto: Filip Forkapi\u0107<\/em><\/p>\n

Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivator<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na prednjem delu ru\u010dnog me\u0111urednog kultivatora se nalazi gvozdeni vozni to\u010dak, pre\u010dnika 250 mm, sa \u0161est \u017ebica koje \u010dine zvezdu. Radni organ predstavljaju dve britvaste moti\u010dice, radnog zahvata 320 mm, postavljene u okviru od livenog gvo\u017e\u0111a. One imaju mogu\u0107nost da se po vo\u0111icama pomeraju, \u010dime se na taj na\u010din pode\u0161ava radni zahvat, a u zavisnosti od me\u0111urednog razmaka biljaka.<\/p>\n

Za upravljanje kultivatora slu\u017ee dve duga\u010dke drvene ru\u010dice, sa rukohvatima, du\u017eine 1.330 mm. One su me\u0111usobno u\u010dvr\u0161\u0107ene drvenom sponom, du\u017eine 350 mm. Razmak izme\u0111u njih u naj\u0161irem delu iznosi 500 mm, dok je visina od podloge, odnosno zemlji\u0161ta do vrha ru\u010dice 800 mm. Na donjem delom su, sa po dva zavrtnja, sa svake strane, pri\u010dvr\u0161\u0107ene za okvir. Pored radnog zahvata, postoji mogu\u0107nost pode\u0161avanja dubine rada. To se vr\u0161i postavljanjem osovine to\u010dka u jedan od tri otvora, na sponi okvira sa njom. Na to\u010dku i okviru je sa\u010duvana originalna boja \u2013 crvena.<\/p>\n

\"\"sl. 4. Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivator (inv. br. 248), foto: Filip Forkapi\u0107<\/em><\/p>\n

Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivator je industrijske izrade i proizveden je dvadesetih godina 20. veka.<\/p>\n

On je krajem decembra meseca 2005. godine otkupljen iz Ratkova.<\/p>\n

Kao prethodni, i on ima zanimljivu istoriju. Naime, Dobrisav Radi\u0161i\u0107, otac prodavca Obrada, kupio je ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivator od Nemaca, koji su neposredno pred zavr\u0161etak Drugog svetskog rata napu\u0161tali Parabu\u0107 (tada\u0161nji naziv za naseljeno mesto Ratkovo).<\/p>\n

\"\"sl. 5. Konzervacija ru\u010dnog me\u0111urednog kultivatora, izvr\u0161ilac Dragan Ogar, tehni\u010dar Muzeja Vojvodine, konzervator za materijal od metala, Kulpin, april 2010. godine, foto: Filip Forkapi\u0107<\/em><\/p>\n

Oba predstavljena ru\u010dna me\u0111uredna kultivatora, posetioci mogu da vide na stalnoj postavci, sme\u0161tenoj u zgradi biv\u0161e konju\u0161nice, kova\u010dnice i ma\u0161inske radionice ili Paviljon 2.<\/p>\n

\"\"sl. 6. Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivatori izlo\u017eeni na stalnoj postavci, Kulpin, februar 2020. godine, foto: Aleksandar Zorki\u0107<\/em><\/p>\n

Filip Forkapi\u0107, dipl. ing. poljoprivrede, vi\u0161i kustos<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

U zbirci Alatke, ma\u0161ine, oru\u0111a i zanati Muzeja Vojvodine \u2013 Muzejski kompleks Kulpin, prikupljeni su me\u0111uredni kultivatori, koji imaju jo\u0161 i naziv: pra\u0161a\u010di, para\u010di ili kopa\u010dice. Pripadaju grupi ma\u0161ina za dopunsku obradu zemlji\u0161ta. Postoje brojne njene podele. Tako prema na\u010dinu vu\u010de mo\u017ee biti: ru\u010dni, zapre\u017eni i traktorski, prema na\u010dinu izrade: ru\u010dne, odnosno doma\u0107e, zanatske (kova\u010dko-kolarske) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":137791,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10166],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-137810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-budi-odgovoran-prema-duhu-i-telu-lat"],"yoast_head":"\nRu\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivatori - Muzej Vojvodine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ru\u010dni me\u0111uredni kultivatori - Muzej Vojvodine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"U zbirci Alatke, ma\u0161ine, oru\u0111a i zanati Muzeja Vojvodine \u2013 Muzejski kompleks Kulpin, prikupljeni su me\u0111uredni kultivatori, koji imaju jo\u0161 i naziv: pra\u0161a\u010di, para\u010di ili kopa\u010dice. 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